This function generates a torus-shaped dataset along with optional noise.
Arguments
- n
Total number of data points to generate.
- num_noise
Number of additional noise dimensions to add to the data.
- min_n
Minimum value for the noise added to the data.
- max_n
Maximum value for the noise added to the data.
Examples
set.seed(20240412)
torus_3d(n = 100, num_noise = 2, min_n = -0.05, max_n = 0.05)
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
#> out 0.90951920 -0.60806107 -0.423402332 0.046811273 -0.0397026339
#> elt -0.08991944 1.37608857 0.783829026 -0.012496258 0.0290763175
#> elt 1.92353899 1.36399767 -0.933694924 -0.039036306 0.0422360181
#> elt 0.83003839 -0.59852019 0.214714262 0.012114244 -0.0214310022
#> elt -0.64328797 -0.85230208 -0.361993519 -0.007777032 -0.0499433291
#> elt -1.07740800 0.43641026 0.546342158 -0.043311664 -0.0356851794
#> elt 2.27991016 0.94849529 0.883018221 0.009618158 0.0015637302
#> elt -0.68459612 -0.96740243 -0.579647433 0.040446538 -0.0123396746
#> elt -0.44066721 0.91907265 0.195296091 -0.049745073 -0.0284339315
#> elt 2.89233295 -0.02625773 -0.451142082 -0.015265306 -0.0350829806
#> elt -1.77013063 -2.17725247 -0.591877980 0.036571148 -0.0353439124
#> elt -2.97686698 0.16267482 0.192441454 0.015919120 0.0423142502
#> elt -2.30396469 -1.67795640 -0.526417071 -0.031443569 -0.0051962465
#> elt -2.86711352 0.52529668 0.403822613 0.044940477 -0.0389469245
#> elt -0.49260368 1.36398943 -0.835306661 -0.028938895 -0.0086575911
#> elt -1.54463353 -2.07264114 0.811101781 0.013595432 0.0232040592
#> elt -2.02761009 1.96098328 0.571280516 0.002368991 -0.0245691278
#> elt -2.00402888 -2.22826939 0.078876177 -0.030572272 -0.0315889175
#> elt -1.22407299 -1.88529399 0.968806473 -0.018436977 0.0227344875
#> elt 1.33131560 -2.20375109 0.818385989 0.045953311 -0.0366494890
#> elt 1.72001191 -1.09958228 0.999140538 0.034806118 0.0157848667
#> elt 0.54307519 0.84839423 -0.120814417 0.004200594 0.0070135517
#> elt -0.97792502 0.38791002 0.318422494 -0.030929957 0.0208199039
#> elt 0.95601211 0.62496716 -0.513926816 -0.023326323 -0.0189224581
#> elt -0.74198663 -0.85180408 -0.492437719 0.038856192 0.0338216087
#> elt -1.77175118 -2.28843176 -0.447795853 0.036005257 -0.0460992394
#> elt -2.30083104 -0.65197046 0.920212197 -0.005547783 0.0447378346
#> elt -2.70737514 -0.95495518 -0.491536569 0.010797826 0.0272497393
#> elt 1.01314292 2.55113040 -0.667125509 0.029635492 -0.0160971409
#> elt 2.37055274 -1.83439665 -0.071775824 0.009967849 0.0464448324
#> elt -2.30262724 1.22059095 0.795362536 -0.006457079 0.0179349351
#> elt 1.01659347 2.36007814 0.821842883 -0.030954550 -0.0207382537
#> elt -0.83580668 -1.03065600 -0.739606682 -0.025088984 0.0037443788
#> elt -0.03872579 -2.93566285 -0.352217275 0.031934072 -0.0118583800
#> elt -2.29220660 -1.81908089 0.376772240 -0.035403466 0.0063740385
#> elt -0.91276612 1.53101233 -0.976049974 -0.042859625 -0.0297865495
#> elt -1.72952833 1.03476726 -0.999880746 -0.034428535 -0.0433482581
#> elt 1.53330562 -2.36913681 -0.569448787 0.034162961 -0.0163532625
#> elt -0.74096005 -2.72296339 0.569521392 -0.045406635 0.0359919606
#> elt 0.82697717 2.10151405 0.966045000 0.012260502 -0.0370901504
#> elt -0.24414201 2.75371405 0.644605254 0.002252682 -0.0496382012
#> elt 1.56760255 1.22646358 -0.999953674 0.004865140 0.0114451926
#> elt 2.57833755 -0.46358197 -0.784853142 0.037104514 -0.0157686300
#> elt 1.95413931 -1.46752808 0.896111606 0.019189041 -0.0482725061
#> elt 1.09567189 0.82352660 -0.777125394 0.016947191 0.0417446218
#> elt 0.25348964 -0.98093565 -0.161695456 0.023474528 0.0490760001
#> elt -0.93104859 0.44192346 0.245508504 -0.046460505 -0.0143416769
#> elt 1.57224754 -1.80576569 0.918974650 -0.014047195 -0.0389693632
#> elt -0.99198238 -1.04674944 0.829922404 -0.002774406 -0.0050521928
#> elt 0.17077138 -2.75178207 0.653326955 0.021978159 -0.0338490285
#> elt 1.17360555 -0.04344122 -0.564269394 0.001459893 0.0007207744
#> elt -0.87732561 -0.59965247 -0.348462901 -0.032680244 0.0358561296
#> elt 0.87291423 -1.03328620 -0.762192123 -0.006952650 -0.0343432767
#> elt -0.41889290 2.96684558 0.086271361 0.049056897 0.0380912595
#> elt 0.75604245 -0.75795875 -0.368976740 -0.037429136 -0.0017651984
#> elt -1.01975695 0.98666147 -0.813864335 0.040186682 0.0271230818
#> elt -1.15017686 -0.53898403 0.683661775 0.037823953 -0.0153674109
#> elt 1.50138800 0.76302784 -0.948810736 -0.013801423 -0.0435791666
#> elt 0.73863510 1.13936198 0.766570036 0.014180800 -0.0007038843
#> elt -2.55062055 0.71883590 -0.759951924 0.016110678 -0.0042624283
#> elt -2.27318356 -1.47105629 0.706562846 0.045699345 0.0307058573
#> elt -0.32582179 -1.13307184 0.570910285 -0.017281139 -0.0172181919
#> elt -2.49279489 -1.25531207 -0.611780532 -0.022220930 0.0344564827
#> elt -0.63667106 0.77118212 0.008479292 0.048801365 -0.0145525717
#> elt 2.28729702 1.75290343 -0.471744562 0.007458667 0.0024064121
#> elt -0.88356971 -2.31892603 0.876416079 -0.033425671 0.0470545179
#> elt 2.45969599 -0.94180030 0.773467457 -0.035560294 -0.0429631366
#> elt -0.40465479 -1.83775855 -0.992987618 0.046699327 0.0314480813
#> elt 0.64657094 -2.48771371 0.821391731 0.021227714 -0.0469257004
#> elt -0.08441530 -2.92441274 0.378427718 0.028738201 0.0067218661
#> elt -0.53067423 1.34949272 -0.835220452 -0.048813058 -0.0365070718
#> elt -1.15594435 1.33033489 -0.971359232 -0.025414831 0.0148092618
#> elt 0.79367328 -2.63697962 -0.657069683 -0.044960774 -0.0288158743
#> elt -2.09948703 -1.83581814 0.614496082 -0.032921567 -0.0393909458
#> elt 0.82946845 -0.78850553 0.517715189 0.004026652 -0.0436995254
#> elt 2.21799463 1.65808181 -0.638950109 0.014284641 -0.0465217978
#> elt -1.46006615 -1.17485514 0.992037077 -0.032963758 -0.0291392233
#> elt -1.59277619 -0.32479980 -0.927249355 0.049464466 0.0114881480
#> elt 1.49782906 -1.00186546 0.980203269 -0.036069776 -0.0194828836
#> elt -1.24085892 -2.59140625 0.487412253 0.020289299 -0.0485348954
#> elt 0.39012953 -1.53870104 0.910907058 0.036633093 -0.0097199444
#> elt 1.56731349 0.85302527 -0.976484262 -0.029914531 -0.0044783109
#> elt -1.31565093 -0.27573310 0.754964550 0.035608689 0.0366461525
#> elt -1.95775589 -2.04854721 0.552351312 0.030768446 -0.0395055116
#> elt -1.62365279 -0.60268453 0.963391041 0.022653194 -0.0053874930
#> elt 0.32195027 1.14458975 0.585055878 0.014886355 0.0058034629
#> elt -0.26958936 1.27231605 0.714695177 -0.003475857 0.0060975001
#> elt -1.10092603 1.29578627 -0.954040891 0.021506445 -0.0234173421
#> elt 1.01021747 -0.16347705 0.214878532 0.031937469 0.0187736356
#> elt 2.81321570 -0.88830553 0.311852932 -0.037160310 -0.0442129100
#> elt 0.31731560 0.95323875 0.096487094 0.049801787 -0.0419374371
#> elt 0.53801202 1.26670743 0.781606682 0.012772074 -0.0498900986
#> elt 1.60343247 -2.44556976 -0.381552169 0.005877741 0.0109741065
#> elt -0.92271228 1.52914417 0.976826535 0.025761254 -0.0074751925
#> elt 1.08607425 2.60936276 0.563136912 0.027342288 -0.0305212979
#> elt -0.36325997 1.07125036 -0.495102439 -0.035392174 -0.0172342707
#> elt -0.87980337 0.73197081 0.517770327 0.018060863 -0.0040695532
#> elt 1.52053991 1.46397425 0.993848385 -0.004448415 0.0392953042
#> elt -0.71690846 2.35469226 -0.887187637 -0.047147391 0.0337261188
#> elt 2.38947912 -1.77537884 0.213967914 -0.017987990 0.0190098491